Sunday, March 3, 2013

The Highs of Grade Inflation.


Alfie Kohn is an author, and a lecturer. He's a very controversial figure in American culture, and attacks many social science issues such as parenting and education. Alfie recently wrote an article called "The Dangers of Grade Inflation". In this article, Alfie uses fallacies to support his argument that grade inflation is a good thing. He uses fallacies to pull on the heartstrings of anyone who was or is a student. Two examples of him using fallacies to support the argument is when he says that good grades motivate students to study harder, and when he begins to talk about standardized tests not being a good enough source to measure intelligence. 
In the article, Kohn mentions that receiving higher grades is motivation to work and study harder. In his article, he says "With the exception of orthodox behaviorists, psychologists have come to realize that people can exhibit qualitatively different kinds of motivation: intrinsic, in which the task itself is seen as valuable, and extrinsic, in which the task is just a means to the end of gaining a reward or escaping a punishment. " In this quote from the article, Kohn is simply saying that when someone gets a good grade then they would be movitvated to work harder and get an even better grade. If someone doesn't do well, then they would quickly lose interest in doing well. As a student, I can agree with him. Last year, I took a very challenging AP course, and quickly lost the motivation to do well. I didn't study quite as hard as I should, and my grades showed it. However, in my classes that I did do well in, I had the motivation to do better. This uses fallacies because the author using sentimental appeals to present his argument because he uses emotions to distract the reader away from the facts. 
Another example is when Kohn mentions how standardized tests aren't a good source for getting measuring intelligence. Kohn says "Third, a decline in overall SAT scores is hardly the right benchmark against which to measure the grades earned at Harvard or other elite institutions." This shows fallacies because he is using an Ad hominem argument, because he is attacking the Harvard University system, rather then the argument that is presented.
Overall, Kohn presents a really excellent argument using emotional fallacies. He uses them in the two examples that I've presented; when he talks about the motivation to study harder, and when he attacks Harvard's system of admissions. 

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